Like other countries around the world, Brazil is increasingly affected by the climate change that is happening. Located in South America, it is the fifth largest country in the world with 8.51 million km², and due to this size it has great climatic variations. With 93% of its territory located in the southern hemisphere and 7% in the northern hemisphere, several types of climate can be identified, such as equatorial, tropical, high tropical, humid tropical, semi-arid and subtropical.

All this diversity causes Brazil to be affected in various ways due to these changes. It is not possible to say what phenomena may occur, ranging from tornadoes, floods to destruction of plantations, with increasing temperatures or rains.

For Brazil, agriculture is extremely important and one of the main commercial activities, so when phenomena that affect this productivity occur, it directly affects the economy and the lives of millions of people. With such variations, the quality of life in the country is also affected, worsening social aspects and the development index.

We see in the material of the Brazilian news portal G1 that, “In the Amazon rainforest, which occupies almost half of the national territory, global warming should also increase the occurrence of extreme weather events in the east of the region and more floods in the west. The study evaluated the projections of 35 computer simulations for the Amazonian climate and mapped the most likely impacts of climate change in the region against a relatively pessimistic scenario in which CO2 emissions continue to grow wildly.

In addition to the Amazon region in the country there are other biomes that are also affected, such as the “Pantanal”, “Cerrado” and “Mata Atlântica”

The main impacts due to climate change in Brazil are:

– The reduction of water resources

– semi-arid vegetation will probably be replaced by typical arid region vegetation

– Probably the extinction of species.

– The decrease in groundwater

– The impact on the sea level and, consequently, on the mangroves

– Between 38 and 45% of “closed” plants are at risk of extinction and the temperature rises by 1.7 ° C

– Increased drought

– The conversion of forests into crops affects the climate by altering the regional albedo and latent heat flux, causing additional temperature rise in the summer

– The loss of biodiversity

– The increase in temperature and the decrease in water in the soil will lead to sabanization in the eastern region

There is a real need for projects that help mitigate these effects together with the awareness of the population so that they can carry out the actions that are within their reach. Climate change has a much higher proportion, but if we all do our part and help, we can prevent all these problems from spreading in a worse way.

Nillo Trindade